What is the most effective way to stop bleeding?

Direct pressure is the most effective way to stop bleeding because it works by occluding the blood vessels and allowing the blood clotting process to take place effectively. When direct pressure is applied to a bleeding wound, it can help constrict the blood vessels, reduce blood flow, and promote clot formation at the site of the injury. This is particularly crucial in instances of severe bleeding, where immediate action is necessary to prevent excessive blood loss and potential shock.

While elevation and ice application can be helpful in certain situations—elevation can assist in reducing blood flow to an injured area, and ice can help with swelling and numbness—they aren't the primary means for controlling active bleeding. Elevation may not be practical in all scenarios, especially if the injury compromises the ability to lift the affected area, and ice is more commonly used for pain relief and swelling rather than directly controlling bleeding.

A pressure bandage can also be effective, particularly for securing dressing and maintaining direct pressure over a longer period. However, it is often used after direct pressure has been initially applied. The immediate application of direct pressure remains the first line of defense in stopping active bleeding, which underscores its effectiveness in emergency situations.